Email Marketing Insights & Best Practices Hub

Email list cleaning removes spam traps, complainers, and dead emails before sending

Introduction:

Email marketing is a powerful tool for businesses to connect with their audience, build brand awareness, and drive conversions. However, maintaining a healthy and engaged email marketing list is crucial for achieving success in this digital marketing strategy. One of the key challenges marketers face is the presence of spam seeds, complainers, and dead emails on their lists. In this article, we’ll explore the importance of cleaning your email marketing list and provide actionable tips on how to remove these unwanted elements.

Email list cleaning removes known junk and high-risk addresses before you send—especially spam traps, complainers, and dead emails that routinely create unnecessary risk for email programs. The goal is simple: keep campaigns from being burdened by addresses that should never be mailed.

Removing spam seeds, complainers, and dead emails is one of the most important components of responsible email list hygiene. For a broader framework on how list cleaning fits into a pre-send workflow, see our foundational guide on email list cleaning and hygiene.

The Consequences of Neglect:

Allowing spam seeds, complainers, and dead emails to linger on your marketing list can have detrimental effects on your email campaigns. Here’s a breakdown of the potential consequences:

  1. Deliverability Issues: Spam seeds, also known as seed emails, are typically used by ISPs (Internet Service Providers) and spam filters to monitor the deliverability of emails. If your list contains spam seeds, it could trigger spam filters, causing your legitimate emails to be flagged as spam and reducing overall deliverability.
  2. Reputation Damage: Complainers, or subscribers who mark your emails as spam, can harm your sender reputation. A poor sender reputation makes it more likely that your future emails will be marked as spam or, in extreme cases, completely blocked by ISPs.
  3. Wasted Resources: Dead emails, or inactive subscribers, are essentially dead weight on your email list. Continuously sending emails to inactive subscribers not only wastes your resources but also negatively impacts your engagement metrics, as these subscribers are unlikely to open or interact with your emails.

Identifying and Removing Spam Seeds:

Spam seeds are often used by email marketers to monitor the delivery and appearance of their emails. However, if they end up on your subscriber list, they can skew your analytics and trigger spam filters. Here’s how you can identify and remove spam seeds:

  1. Regularly Audit Your List: Conduct regular audits of your email marketing list to identify any suspicious or unfamiliar email addresses. Spam seeds often have distinct patterns in their email addresses, such as specific domains or formats.
  2. Use Email Verification Services: Employ email verification services to check the validity of email addresses on your list. These services can identify and flag spam seeds, ensuring that you maintain a clean and accurate list.
  3. Monitor Engagement Metrics: Track engagement metrics, such as open rates and click-through rates, for unusual patterns. Spam seeds often behave differently from genuine subscribers, so monitoring these metrics can help you spot and remove them from your list.

Dealing with Complainers:

Complainers pose a significant threat to your sender reputation, but addressing their concerns promptly can mitigate the damage. Here’s how you can handle complainers effectively:

  1. Segment Your List: Segment your email list to identify complainers and isolate them from your main subscriber base. This allows you to tailor your communication strategy for this segment.
  2. Implement Preference Centers: Provide subscribers with the option to customize their email preferences through a preference center. This enables complainers to choose the type and frequency of emails they receive, reducing the likelihood of them marking your messages as spam.
  3. Send Re-engagement Campaigns: Before removing emails from your list, attempt to re-engage them through targeted campaigns. Offer incentives, exclusive content, or discounts to entice subscribers back into active engagement.

Eliminating Dead Emails:

Inactive subscribers can drag down your email marketing performance, but with a strategic approach, you can re-engage or remove them from your list:

  1. Set Inactivity Thresholds: Establish specific criteria for identifying inactive subscribers, such as a lack of engagement over a defined period. Once you’ve set thresholds, regularly review and segment your list based on these criteria.
  2. Send Re-engagement Campaigns: Similar to dealing with non-responders, launch re-engagement campaigns to win back inactive subscribers. Craft compelling messages and offers that encourage them to re-engage with your content.
  3. Implement a Sunset Policy: Consider implementing a sunset policy, where subscribers who remain inactive for an extended period are automatically removed from your list. This ensures that your list is consistently populated with engaged and interested subscribers.

Eliminating these addresses is not about predicting inbox placement or guaranteeing delivery outcomes. It is a hygiene measure designed to remove categories of addresses that consistently introduce risk when mailed. Cleaning focuses on prevention, not promises.

For senders preparing to launch a campaign, removing spam seeds, complainers, and dead emails before sending is a responsible step. PureList’s email list cleaning service removes known junk so campaigns are not burdened by addresses that should never be mailed.

Conclusion:

Maintaining a clean and engaged email marketing list is essential for the success of your campaigns. By actively addressing spam seeds, complainers, and dead emails, you can improve deliverability, protect your sender reputation, and maximize the impact of your email marketing efforts. Regularly audit your list, utilize email verification services, and implement targeted re-engagement strategies to keep your list healthy and your email marketing campaigns thriving.

This article is part of our broader resource on email list cleaning and hygiene and how removing junk before sending helps reduce unnecessary risk.

Scrubbed clean emails

Introduction:

In the ever-evolving landscape of digital marketing, businesses are constantly seeking effective strategies to reach and engage their target audience. Among the myriad tools available, email marketing remains a stalwart, providing a direct and personalized channel for communication. However, the success of any email marketing campaign hinges on a seemingly simple yet crucial factor—clean and valid email addresses. In this article, we explore the significance of valid email addresses in marketing and why they serve as the foundation for a successful and impactful outreach strategy.

  1. List building Trust and Credibility:

The first step towards a successful marketing campaign is establishing trust and credibility with your audience. Scrubbed email addresses ensure that your messages reach the intended recipients, fostering a sense of reliability. When customers receive communications in their inbox consistently, it builds trust in the brand and establishes a positive relationship. On the contrary, invalid email addresses can lead to bounced emails and a perception of incompetence, potentially damaging your brand’s credibility.

  1. Enhancing Deliverability Rates:

Cleaned and valid email addresses play a pivotal role in ensuring high deliverability rates. Email service providers (ESPs) use complex algorithms to assess the sender’s reputation. Frequent bounces due to invalid addresses can trigger spam filters, leading to a decline in deliverability. Maintaining a clean and validated email list is essential for optimizing deliverability rates, ensuring that your messages land in the primary inbox rather than being relegated to the dreaded spam folder.

  1. Maximizing Open and Click-Through Rates:

A clean and valid email address not only improves deliverability but also contributes to higher open and click-through rates. When your emails consistently reach engaged and interested recipients, they are more likely to open and interact with your content. Invalid email addresses contribute to a decline in engagement metrics, impacting the overall effectiveness of your email marketing campaigns. By focusing on a validated and responsive email list, you can maximize the impact of your messages and drive desired actions from your audience.

  1. Cost-Efficiency and Resource Optimization:

Maintaining an accurate and updated email list is not only about performance but also about resource optimization. Invalid email addresses contribute to wasted resources, both in terms of time and money spent on crafting and sending messages that never reach their intended recipients. Regularly cleaning and validating your email list can help trim unnecessary costs and ensure that your marketing budget is allocated efficiently.

  1. Compliance with Regulations:

In an era of increasing concern for data privacy and stringent regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the CAN-SPAM Act, ensuring the validity of email addresses is imperative. Sending emails to invalid or outdated addresses not only violates these regulations but also exposes your business to potential legal repercussions. Validating and cleaning email addresses helps ensure compliance with data protection laws, protecting your brand from legal issues and maintaining a positive reputation.

  1. Personalization and Targeted Campaigns:

Personalization is a cornerstone of effective marketing, and clean and valid email addresses play a crucial role in achieving this goal. A clean and accurate email list enables businesses to segment their audience effectively and deliver targeted, personalized content. By understanding your audience’s preferences and behaviors, you can tailor your messages to resonate with specific segments, increasing the likelihood of engagement and conversion.

Conclusion:

In the dynamic world of marketing, where customer engagement is paramount, the importance of valid email addresses cannot be overstated. From building trust and credibility to maximizing deliverability rates and optimizing resources, a clean and validated email list forms the bedrock of a successful email marketing strategy. As businesses navigate the complexities of the digital landscape, prioritizing the accuracy and validity of email addresses is not just a best practice; it is an essential element for unlocking the full potential of marketing campaigns. By investing in the maintenance and validation of email lists, businesses can forge lasting connections with their audience, drive meaningful engagement, and ultimately, achieve marketing success in the digital age.

Over the past few weeks I’ve received a large percentage of phishing emails that purport to be from American Express, although they are not. These emails are sent by scammers trying to steal user names and passwords from unsuspecting American Express card holders, so they can then access their account information and card numbers to use them for fraudulent purposes. Below is a sample of one of the many phishing emails I received. Phishing attacks like this highlight how fragile trust can be in the inbox. When authentication and sender controls are misconfigured, even well-known brands can unintentionally expose recipients to unnecessary risk.

American

Although it is pretty obvious to me that this email is not from American Express and is no doubt a phishing email, there are some recipients who are not so astute. If your mother, grandfather or someone new to the Internet or not paying close attention received this email, would they be able to tell that it was not sent from American Express? Would they click the link that looks legitimate and appears as if it would take them to the American Express website? Even though it will not take them to the real American Express website, will they unwittingly type in their user name and password on the fake site? Obviously a percentage of people do, because if they didn’t, these phishing emails would cease being sent.

Below is the header that was received with this email:

From: American Express [mailto:fraud@aexp.com]
Sent: Tuesday, October 09, 2013 12:15 PM
To: redacted@emailanswers.com
Subject: Fraud Alert: Irregular Card Activity

Based on the received ‘from name’ and ‘email address’, it looks like the email was sent from American Express. It even has an aexp.com email address, which is the domain American Express uses to send emails from. It’s not that I blame American Express for sending this email, but rather American Express could easily stop this email from being delivered if they would simply fix their SPF Records. You might ask yourself at this point, how can you blame American Express if they didn’t send this email? Hang in there for 2 minutes and I’ll tell you. Let’s review a few details first.

OK, so what is an SPF Record?

An SPF (Sender Policy Framework) record is a DNS (Domain Name System) record which lists specific servers and IP addresses that are allowed to send e-mail from a domain, such as aexp.com. Correctly configured, this reduces spam and phishing activity that may be perceived to originate from a specific domain, that actually doesn’t, which is known as source address spoofing. For email marketers, this reinforces a broader lesson: technical controls and list hygiene work together. Even well-intentioned campaigns can create downstream risk when authentication, infrastructure, or recipient targeting are not handled responsibly.

An SPF record is used for messaging security purposes. The SPF record enables a receiving email server to query DNS and determine whether the sending server is authorized to send from a specific domain. There are three ways in which an SPF record can be parsed and dealt with; such as hard fail, soft fail or neutral. The difference between a hard fail and a soft fail is how the owner of SPF records expects the message recipients to treat a spoofed message. When a neutral response is received, it usually means that no SPF record exists for the domain. Most email servers will accept an email with a neutral SPF response, but most SMBs and large corporations all have published SPF records.

Below is a list of SPF Records for aexp.com, which is used by American Express to send email.

“Spf2.0/pra a:phxamgw01.aexp.com a:phxamgw02.aexp.com a:sppim501.aexp.com a:sppim502.aexp.com ~all”

“v=spf1 ip4:12.10.219.0/24 ip4:148.173.91.0/24 ip4:203.19.215.67 ip4:192.102.253.34 ip4:192.102.253.35 ip4:192.102.253.36 a mx a:sppim502.aexp.com a:sppim501.aexp.com a:phxamgw01.aexp.com a:phxamgw02.aexp.com ~all”

To simplify and make the records easier to decipher, I have broken down the formatted records into an easy to understand format.

dns

Without getting into too technical an explanation of how an SPF record is configured, I’ll discuss and point out the failure. If you look at the last line in the SPF record detail above, you’ll notice ~all which is listed as a “Soft Fail”.

Understanding the difference between ~all Soft Fail and -all Hard Fail

A Soft Fail (~all)

If the email message from a domain comes from an IP address which is outside the IP range that is defined in the SPF record for the domain, the message will be accepted but marked in the email header. This is something you do not see when you receive the email. All properly configured email servers will accept an email tagged with a “Soft Fail”.

A Hard Fail (-all)

If the email message from a domain comes from an IP address which is outside the IP range that is defined in the SPF record for the domain, the message will be rejected.

How American Express has failed to protect its card members.

If American Express simply changed their SPF Record from ~all (Soft Fail) to –all (Hard Fail) these fraudulent, phishing emails, that appear to be sent from American Express, would be rejected at the recipients email server and never get delivered to the intended email recipient. Simply using ~all is tantamount to saying, here are all the possible servers that our email should come from, but if it doesn’t accept it anyway. Why even bother publishing SPF records if you’re going to override them with a ~all?

American Express has a section on their website dedicated to fraud prevention and protecting your information. They provide advice and a vast amount of information to help you protect yourself, but fail miserably themselves where it really matters.

In 2012 alone, losses from credit card fraud totaled $6 billion. Now who do you think pay’s for those losses? You are correct, we all do. If by simply changing a tilde (~) to a dash () or ~all to -all (Soft Fail to Hard Fail) American Express could reduce the number of phishing emails delivered and significantly reduce credit card fraud and losses due to stolen credit card information. Why wouldn’t American Express make this simple change? Don’t know? Neither do I. Situations like this are a reminder that email risk is rarely caused by a single factor. Infrastructure configuration, sender reputation, and who you send to all influence how messages are received and trusted.

“It is the obvious which is so difficult to see most of the time. People say ‘It’s as plain as the nose on your face.’ But how much of the nose on your face can you see, unless someone holds a mirror up to you?”

― Isaac Asimov

December 2025 Update: (It only took them 12 years)

It appears American Express has fixed their SPF record and it only took them 10 years.

Amex SPF Fixed

This article is part of our broader resource on email list cleaning and hygiene, which explores how responsible sending practices reduce trust and security risks over time.